If you are a water engineer and planner who needs a valuable resource to learn or brush up on the entire task such as prevention of flood damage and disposal of sewage and wastewater, then you have landed in the right place.

Here, you will get to know about software, named OpenFlow WaterGEMS, which can simulate the flow of water through the network and predict the pressure and flow at different locations. In addition, if you take OpenFlow WaterGEMS Training in Auckland, Wellington , you will also identify and manage leaks in the network, as well as tools for optimizing network operations.

To know more about this software as well as many other training services that will be essential for you, then read the below content.

What is OpenFlow ?

OpenFlow is a network communication protocol used for communication between controllers and forwarders in the SDN architecture. One of the core ideas of software-defined networks (SDN) is “separation of forwarding and control”. To achieve separation of forwarding and control, it is necessary to establish a communication interface standard between the controller and the forwarder.

This will allow the controller to directly access and control the forwarding plane of the forwarder. OpenFlow introduces the concept of “flow table”, and the forwarder guides the forwarding of data packets through the flow table. The controller deploys the corresponding flow table on the forwarder through the interface provided by OpenFlow, thereby realizing the control of the forwarding plane.   

Features of OpenFlow WaterGEMS software :–

(a) Analyze pipeline and valve criticality :

Identify weak links in your water distribution system and assess whether isolation valves are adequate. Use different valve positions to assess the ability to isolate sections of the system and serve customers. Once you provide isolation valve data, WaterCAD/WaterGEMS will automatically generate the network segments instantly. ​

(b) Evaluate fire water supply :

​Use the water network hydraulic model to access and identify areas for fire protection improvement. Improve the design to meet fire flow and fire protection requirements.

(c) Build and manage hydraulic models :

Quickly start the model-building process and effectively manage models so you can focus on making better engineering decisions. Maximize your return on investment in geographic information and engineering data by leveraging and importing nearly any external data format, and automating terrain extraction and node assignment. ​

(d) Design of water supply network :

Use hydraulic model results to help optimize the design of complex water distribution systems and take advantage of built-in scenario management features to track design alternatives. Alternatively, WaterGEMS users can use the built-in Darwin Designer network optimization tool to optimize the design for you. ​

(e) Create a flushing schedule :

Optimize flushing strategies with multiple traditional one-way flushing events in a single run. Increase the rate at which solids and dead water are removed from the main flushing, with the primary indicator of successful flushing being the highest flushing rate in any pipe during the flushing operation. ​

(f) Identify pipe network leaks :

Save water and increase revenue by reducing leaks in your network. Use flow and pressure data to find locations for detailed leak detection. Study how much leaks can be reduced by reducing pressure and see the impact on customer service. ​​

(g) Managing energy use :

Proper use of hydraulic modeling, including complex pump combinations and variable speed pumps to build pump models to understand the impact of different pumping options on energy use. Minimize energy consumption related to pump operating costs while maximizing system performance. ​​​​

(h) Prioritize pipeline updates :

Identify pipelines that should be replaced or rehabilitated. Pipeline connections are rated based on multiple factors, including attribute and performance-based criteria. Resulting benefits include improved asset planning, increased distribution capacity, and greater return on capital expenditures. ​​​

(i) Real-time simulation network :

Connecting the calibrated hydraulic model to the SCADA system allows the model’s initial boundary conditions to be automatically updated as real-time data is updated. Use this real-time model to monitor the system and ensure it is operating efficiently. ​

How does OpenFlow WaterGEMS work ?

The entire OpenFlow protocol architecture consists of a controller, an OpenFlow switch, and a secure channel. The controller centrally controls the network and implements the functions of the control layer.

The OpenFlow switch is responsible for forwarding the data layer and interacting with the controller through a secure channel to implement functions such as table entry delivery and status reporting.

[1] OpenFlow Controller :

The OpenFlow controller is located in the control layer of the SDN architecture or the “brain” of SDN. It guides the forwarding of devices through the OpenFlow protocol. Currently, the mainstream OpenFlow controllers are divided into two categories : open-source controllers and commercial controllers developed by manufacturers.

Common open-source controllers include NOX/POX, OpenDaylight, etc. Commercial controllers developed by manufacturers include Huawei’s iMaster NCE, etc.

[2] OpenFlow secure channel :

The secure channel is the channel that connects the OpenFlow switch and the controller and is responsible for establishing a secure link between the OpenFlow switch and the controller. The controller controls and manages the switch through this channel and receives feedback from the switch.

Information exchange through the OpenFlow secure channel must be performed in the format specified by the OpenFlow protocol, it is sometimes implemented through TCP plain text.

The types of OpenFlow messages transmitted in the channel include the following three :

(i) Controller-to-Switch message :

A message sent by a controller and received and processed by an OpenFlow switch. It is mainly used to manage or obtain the status of an OpenFlow switch.

(ii) Asynchronous message :

Sent by the OpenFlow switch to the controller to update the controller with network events or switch status changes.

(iii) Symmetric message :

It can be sent by an OpenFlow switch or a controller, and does not need to be established through a request. It is mainly used to establish a connection and detect whether the other party is online.

[3] OpenFlow Switch :

The OpenFlow switch is the core component of the entire OpenFlow network and is mainly responsible for forwarding the data layer. The OpenFlow switch can be a physical switch/router or a virtualized switch/router.

According to the degree of support for OpenFlow, OpenFlow switches can be divided into two categories :

(i) OpenFlow dedicated switch :

A standard OpenFlow device that only supports OpenFlow forwarding. It does not support the normal processing flow on existing commercial switches, and all data passing through the switch is forwarded according to the OpenFlow mode.

(ii) OpenFlow compatible switch :

Supports both OpenFlow forwarding and normal Layer 2 and Layer 3 forwarding. This is a switch that adds flow tables, secure channels, and OpenFlow protocols to commercial switches to obtain OpenFlow features.

In the actual forwarding process, the OpenFlow switch relies on the flow table. The flow table is a set of policy entries for the OpenFlow switch to forward data, which instructs the switch on how to handle traffic. All messages entering the switch are forwarded according to the flow table. The generation, maintenance, and distribution of the flow table itself are completely implemented by the controller.

[4] Composition of flow entries :

In traditional network devices, data forwarding of switches or routers depends on the Layer 2 MAC address forwarding table, Layer 3 IP address routing table, and transport layer port number stored in the device.

The same is true for the “flow table” used in OpenFlow switches, but its table items do not refer to ordinary IP five-tuples, but integrate network configuration information at all levels in the network, and are flexible rules composed of some keywords and execution actions.

Each flow table entry in the OpenFlow flow table consists of match fields, processing instructions, etc. The most important parts of a flow table entry are the match fields and instructions.

When an OpenFlow switch receives a data packet, it parses the packet header and matches it with the match fields of the flow table entry in the flow table. If the match is successful, the instructions are executed.

[5] Multi-level flow table and pipeline processing :

OpenFlow WaterGEMS uses a single flow table matching mode. Although this mode is simple, when network requirements become more and more complex, various policies placed in the same table become very bloated. This makes the management of the control plane very difficult, and as the length and number of flow tables increase, the hardware performance requirements are also getting higher and higher.

Since OpenFlow, multi-level flow tables and pipeline processing mechanisms have been introduced. When a message enters the switch, it is matched in sequence starting from the flow table with the smallest sequence number.

The message jumps to a subsequent flow table through a jump instruction to continue matching, thus forming a pipeline. The emergence of multi-level flow tables can realise complex processing of data packets on the one hand, and on the other hand, it can effectively reduce the length of a single flow table and improve the efficiency of table lookup.

[6] Flow table delivery method :

In active mode, the controller actively sends the flow table information it collects to the OpenFlow switch, and then the switch can forward it directly according to the flow table.

In passive mode, when the OpenFlow switch receives a message and fails to look up the flow table, it will send a message to the controller, which will decide how to forward it, calculate and send the corresponding flow table.

The advantage of passive mode is that the switch does not need to maintain all flow tables. It only obtains and stores flow table records from the controller when actual traffic is generated. When the aging timer expires, the corresponding flow table can be deleted, thus greatly saving switch chip space.

So if you join a course on BIM TECHNOLOGIES to learn about the functions of this software, along with these, you will get to know all the detailed idea about the specifications of this software. In addition, after completing the course from us, you receive a globally accepted certificate. Further, we will also give you a thorough knowledge of this software.

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